ZIKA

Zika is a viral infection transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes which are daytime biting. The disease was first identified in Uganda in 1947 in rhesus monkeys and subsequently in humans in Uganda and the United REpublic of Tanzania in 1952. Zika virus disease is usually mild, with a fever, skin rash and conjunctivitis last between 2 and 7 days. However,  recent large outbreaks in French Polynesia (2013) and in Brazil (2015) have been linked to a rise in cases of congenital malformations and neurological complications, notably microencephaly. 

There is currently no vaccine available so the most important protective measures are bite avoidance and control of the numbers of mosquitoes in affected regions. For anyone travelling to infected areas, stringent bite avoidance measures are required, particularly mid-morning and late afternoon to dusk, when the Aedes mosquito is most active.

Women who are pregnant or considering becoming pregnant are advised not to travel to countries affected by Zika virus if at all possible. Pregnant women who have already travelled to affected areas should have an antenatal check as soon as possible on their return. An interim testing algorithm is available on the RCOG website, at https://www.rcog.org.uk/en/news/interim-clinical-guidelines-on-Zika-virus-infection-and-pregnancy/ 

NHS Choices advises that if a female traveller has experienced Zika symptoms either during travel or within 2 weeks of returning home, she should wait at least 6 months after full recovery before trying to conceive. Even if she has not experienced symptoms, she should avoid conception for at least 28 days after returning home.